Education began in the earliest prehistory, as adults trained the young in the
knowledge and skills deemed necessary in their society. In
preliterate societies this achieved orally and through imitation. 【M1】__________
Story-telling passed knowledge, values, and skills from one generation
to the next. As cultures began to extend its knowledge beyond skills that 【M2】__________
could be readily learned through imitation, formal education developed.
Schools existed in Egypt at the time of the Middle Kingdom.
Plato founded the Academy in Athens, the first institute of higher 【M3】__________
learning in Europe. The city of Alexandria in Egypt, established in
around 331 BCE, became the successor of Athens as the intellectual 【M4】__________
cradle of Ancient Greece. There, mathematician Euclid and anatomist
Herophilus constructed the great Library of Alexandria and translated
the Hebrew Bible into Greek. European civilizations suffered a collapse
of literacy and organization followed the fall of Rome in 476 AD. 【M5】__________
In China, Confucius (551-479 BCE), of the State of Lu, was the
country’s the most influential ancient philosopher, whose educational 【M6】__________
outlook continues to influence the societies of China and neighbors like
Korea, Japan and Vietnam. Confucius gathered disciples and searched
in vain for a ruler would adopt his ideals for good governance, but his 【M7】__________
analects were written down by followers and had continued to influence 【M8】__________
education in East Asia into the modern era.
After the fall of Rome,the Catholic Church became the sole
observer of literate scholarship in Western Europe.The church 【M9】__________
established cathedral schools in the Early Middle Ages as centers of
advanced education. Some of these establishments ultimately involved 【M10】_________
into medieval universities and forebears of many of Europe’s modern
universities.
【M3】
institute—institution
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