從明朝開始，小說作為一種文學形式全面展現出它的社會功能和文學價值。明朝和清朝早期的小說代表了中國古典小說的最高峰(pinnacle)，實現了展示新的文化價值觀和知識分子情懷(intellectual concerns)的新突破。這一時期最成功的文學作品是四大名著，即《三國演義》《水滸傳》《西游記》和《紅樓夢》。從明清時期開始，四大名著就直接或間接地通過戲劇和其他流行文化形式廣為中國人所知。
From the Ming Dynasty, the novel as a literary form began to fully display its social functions and literary value. The novels in the Ming and early Qing Dynasties represent the pinnacle of classical Chinese fiction and constitute a breakthrough in reflecting new cultural values and intellectual concerns. The most successful literature works of this period are the Four Great Classical Novels, namely, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Heroes of the Marshes, Journey to the West, and A Dream of Red Mansions. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they have been well-known to most of the Chinese either directly or indirectly through opera and other popular cultural forms.
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