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上呼吸道由鼻、口、咽、喉組成
當空氣穿過它們時,這些結構為傳染性病原體和其他碎片提供了物理和免疫屏障
在鼻子里,病毒、細菌和其他碎片粘附在鼻腔通道的粘液上,
而鼻粘膜則使空氣變暖和濕潤
咽部的形狀迫使空氣向下旋轉 90 度
較大的空氣顆粒無法轉彎,
所以它們會被后壁的粘膜卡住
腭和咽扁桃體
含有吞噬并消滅落在其上的病原體的免疫細胞
然后空氣通過喉部到達下呼吸道
普通感冒,也稱為鼻咽炎或急性鼻炎
是最常見的病毒性上呼吸道感染
感冒病毒,最常見的是鼻病毒,
當被污染的手觸摸鼻子或嘴巴時進入身體,
或者當吸入空氣中充滿病毒的飛沫時
然后病毒侵入上呼吸道粘膜,
導致受侵襲區域發炎
鼻粘膜發炎會導致粘液分泌過多,
鼻塞、鼻竇炎癥、瘙癢和打噴嚏
咽部炎癥會導致喉嚨痛或發癢,
以及吞咽疼痛或困難
喉部受累可導致咳嗽
普通感冒無法治愈,因此治療重點是緩解癥狀
常見的生活方式改變包括休息和增加液體攝入量
醫療選擇包括用于治療炎癥、疼痛和發燒的布洛芬
對乙酰氨基酚,用于止痛和發燒
以及口服減充血劑或鼻噴霧劑來緩解鼻部癥狀
不使用抗生素,因為它們只對細菌有效,對病毒無效

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The upper respiratory tract consists of the nose mouth pharynx and larynx
上呼吸道由鼻、口、咽、喉組成
As air passes through them these structures provide physical and immunologic barriers to infectious pathogens and other debris
當空氣穿過它們時,這些結構為傳染性病原體和其他碎片提供了物理和免疫屏障
In the nose viruses bacteria and other debris stick to the mucus in the nasal passageway
在鼻子里,病毒、細菌和其他碎片粘附在鼻腔通道的粘液上,
while the nasal mucosa warms and humidifies the air
而鼻粘膜則使空氣變暖和濕潤
The shape of the pharynx forces air to take a 90 degree turn downward
咽部的形狀迫使空氣向下旋轉 90 度
Larger airborne particles can't make the turn
較大的空氣顆粒無法轉彎,
so they get caught in the mucosa of the posterior wall instead
所以它們會被后壁的粘膜卡住
The palatine and pharyngeal tonsil
腭和咽扁桃體
contain immune cells that engulf and destroy pathogens that land on them
含有吞噬并消滅落在其上的病原體的免疫細胞
Air then passes through the larynx on its way to the lower respiratory tract
然后空氣通過喉部到達下呼吸道
The common cold also known as nasopharyngitis or acute rhinitis
普通感冒,也稱為鼻咽炎或急性鼻炎
is the most common viral upper respiratory tract infection
是最常見的病毒性上呼吸道感染
Cold viruses most commonly the rhinovirus
感冒病毒,最常見的是鼻病毒,
enter the body when contaminated hands touch the nose or mouth
當被污染的手觸摸鼻子或嘴巴時進入身體,
or when virus filled droplets in the air are inhaled
或者當吸入空氣中充滿病毒的飛沫時
Then the virus invades the mucus membrane of the upper airway
然后病毒侵入上呼吸道粘膜,
resulting in an inflammation of the invaded areas
導致受侵襲區域發炎
Inflammation of the nasal membranes can result in excessive mucus secretion
鼻粘膜發炎會導致粘液分泌過多,
nasal congestion inflammation of the paranasal sinuses itching and sneezing
鼻塞、鼻竇炎癥、瘙癢和打噴嚏
Inflammation of the pharyngeal lining can result in a sore or scratchy throat
咽部炎癥會導致喉嚨痛或發癢,
and painful or difficult swallowing
以及吞咽疼痛或困難
Laryngeal involvement can result in a cough
喉部受累可導致咳嗽
There is no cure for the common cold so treatments focus on alleviating symptoms
普通感冒無法治愈,因此治療重點是緩解癥狀
Common lifestyle modifications include rest and increased fluid intake
常見的生活方式改變包括休息和增加液體攝入量
Medical options include Ibuprofen for inflammation pain and fever
醫療選擇包括用于治療炎癥、疼痛和發燒的布洛芬
Acetaminophen for pain and fever
對乙酰氨基酚,用于止痛和發燒
And oral decongestants or nasal sprays to relieve nasal symptoms
以及口服減充血劑或鼻噴霧劑來緩解鼻部癥狀
Antibiotics are not used as they're only effective against bacteria not viruses
不使用抗生素,因為它們只對細菌有效,對病毒無效