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偏頭痛簡(jiǎn)介

偏頭痛是一種常見(jiàn)、反復(fù)發(fā)作的頭痛疾病，以一側(cè)或兩側(cè)的搏動(dòng)性劇烈頭痛為主要特征，常伴有惡心、嘔吐、對(duì)聲光刺激過(guò)敏等癥狀。其常見(jiàn)類(lèi)型包括無(wú)先兆偏頭痛、有先兆偏頭痛和慢性偏頭痛等。偏頭痛的發(fā)病原因可能與遺傳、內(nèi)分泌代謝、環(huán)境因素、精神因素等有關(guān)，且常有遺傳背景。女性患者是男性的2-3倍，大多起病于青春期，少部分可在兒童期發(fā)病。

癥狀上，偏頭痛的典型表現(xiàn)為劇烈頭痛，可為一側(cè)頭部疼痛，向另一側(cè)遷移，還可能對(duì)光線、噪音和氣味敏感。 常見(jiàn)的伴發(fā)癥狀包括惡心、嘔吐，胃部不適，腹部疼痛，感覺(jué)非常熱或冷，膚色蒼白等。

治療方面，目前偏頭痛無(wú)法被根治，多數(shù)治療目的在于減輕或終止頭痛發(fā)作，緩解伴發(fā)癥狀，預(yù)防頭痛復(fù)發(fā)。包括藥物治療和非藥物治療，其中藥物性治療分為發(fā)作期治療和預(yù)防性治療。非藥物治療主要是加強(qiáng)宣教，幫助患者保持健康的生活方式，尋找并避免誘發(fā)偏頭痛的各種因素。

就影響而言，偏頭痛極大影響患者的生活質(zhì)量，可對(duì)社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)及個(gè)人造成重大負(fù)擔(dān)。因此，盡管偏頭痛并不致命，但它在全球疾病負(fù)擔(dān)中排第三位，是一種值得重視的公共衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題。

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To sense the world your nerves send electrical signals to and from your spinal cord and brain
為了感知世界,您的神經(jīng)向脊髓和大腦發(fā)送電信號(hào)或從脊髓和大腦發(fā)送電信號(hào)
Sensors throughout our body collect information about our surroundings
我們?nèi)淼膫鞲衅魇占嘘P(guān)周?chē)h(huán)境的信息
This information is sent by signals to our brain through a series of nerve cells
這些信息通過(guò)一系列神經(jīng)細(xì)胞通過(guò)信號(hào)發(fā)送到我們的大腦
Each electrical signal is carried from one end of a nerve cell to the other using passageways called ion channels
每個(gè)電信號(hào)通過(guò)稱(chēng)為離子通道的通道從神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的一端傳遞到另一端
Charged particles called ions pass through the channels along the nerve which helps generate the electrical current
帶電粒子(稱(chēng)為離子)沿著神經(jīng)穿過(guò)通道,有助于產(chǎn)生電流
At the end of the nerve the signal moves to the next via chemicals called neurotransmitters
在神經(jīng)末端,信號(hào)通過(guò)稱(chēng)為神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)傳遞到下一個(gè)神經(jīng)末端
Communication with the brain occurs via pathways and nerve centers at the base of the brain called the brain stem
與大腦的交流是通過(guò)大腦底部(稱(chēng)為腦干)的通路和神經(jīng)中心進(jìn)行的
The brain stem helps control sleep heart rate and breathing
腦干有助于控制睡眠、心率和呼吸
Migraine is a disease where one or more parts of this communication system does not function properly
偏頭痛是一種通信系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)或多個(gè)部分無(wú)法正常運(yùn)行的疾病 許多
Many sections of DNA called genes program ion channels neurotransmitters and other structures that support these nerve pathways
DNA
In some with migraine inherited changes to genes called mutations can cause the communication system to become hypersensitive
片段,稱(chēng)為基因、程序離子通道、神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)和支持這些神經(jīng)的其他結(jié)構(gòu) 在一些偏頭痛患者中,基因的遺傳變化(稱(chēng)為突變)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致溝通系統(tǒng)變得高度敏感
Most mutations do not directly cause migraine but in combination may explain why there are so many forms and symptoms of migraine disease
大多數(shù)突變不會(huì)直接引起偏頭痛,但組合起來(lái)可以解釋為什么偏頭痛疾病有如此多種形式和癥狀
These mutated genes affect the function of other parts of the body
這些突變基因會(huì)影響身體其他部位的功能
As a result people with migraines may also have
因此,患有偏頭痛的人也可能患有
anxiety
焦慮,
depression
沮喪
epilepsy
癲癇
hypothyroidism
甲狀腺功能減退癥
irritable bowel syndrome
腸易激綜合癥
pelvic floor pain
盆底疼痛
fibromyalgia
纖維肌痛
Sjogren’s disease
干燥病
and others
和其他人
Each attack typically has three or four phases
每次攻擊通常分為三個(gè)或四個(gè)階段
The typical phases of a migraine attack are prodrome starting hours before a headache aura headache and postdrome
偏頭痛發(fā)作的典型階段是前驅(qū)癥狀,即頭痛前數(shù)小時(shí)、先兆、頭痛和后遺癥
Prodrome includes subtle symptoms such as yawning fatigue or moodiness
前驅(qū)癥狀包括微妙的癥狀,例如打哈欠、疲勞或喜怒無(wú)常
Experienced only by some auras may be short term visual changes such as flashes of light zigzags or blind spots
只有某些人會(huì)經(jīng)歷光環(huán),它可能是短期的視覺(jué)變化,例如閃光、之字形或盲點(diǎn)
Auras can also include numbness confusion vertigo or even muscle weakness
光環(huán)還可能包括麻木、混亂、眩暈,甚至肌肉無(wú)力
Pounding headaches may occur on only one side of the head often lasting four to seventy two hours
劇烈頭痛可能僅發(fā)生在頭部的一側(cè),通常持續(xù)四到七十二小時(shí)
Other possible symptoms include light and noise sensitivity or nausea
其他可能的癥狀包括光和噪音敏感性,或惡心
Finally during postdrome a person feels like they have hangover which lasts another day or two
最后,在發(fā)病后,一個(gè)人會(huì)感覺(jué)宿醉,這種情況會(huì)持續(xù)一兩天
Migraine attacks are often brought on by specific stimuli or triggers such as increased stress weather change too much or too little sleep or certain foods
偏頭痛發(fā)作通常是由特定刺激或觸發(fā)因素引起的,例如:壓力增加、天氣變化、睡眠過(guò)多或過(guò)少或某些食物
Since it may be a cumulative effect of several triggers avoiding as many known triggers as possible can help reduce the number of attacks
由于它可能是多個(gè)觸發(fā)因素的累積效應(yīng),因此避免盡可能多的已知觸發(fā)因素有助于減少攻擊次數(shù)
It is important for treatment planning to distinguish migraine on the basis of frequency and character of attacks
根據(jù)偏頭痛發(fā)作的頻率和特征來(lái)區(qū)分偏頭痛對(duì)于制定治療計(jì)劃非常重要
Less than fifteen headache days per month is episodic migraine
每月頭痛天數(shù)少于十五天為陣發(fā)性偏頭痛
Fifteen or more headaches per month is chronic migraine
每月頭痛十五次或以上即為慢性偏頭痛
Every year about three percent of those with episodic migraine become chronic
每年約有百分之三的陣發(fā)性偏頭痛患者轉(zhuǎn)為慢性偏頭痛
This worsening of symptoms may be due to changes in hormones or accumulated brain damage from years of migraine attacks
癥狀?lèi)夯赡苁怯捎诤蔂柮傻淖兓蚨嗄昶^痛發(fā)作造成的累積腦損傷所致
While migraine is rarely deadly it is an invisible disease that can steal years of quality time
雖然偏頭痛很少致命,但它是一種看不見(jiàn)的疾病,可以?shī)Z走數(shù)年的美好時(shí)光
For more information about migraine talk to your healthcare provider or visit migrainedisorders org
有關(guān)偏頭痛的更多信息,請(qǐng)咨詢(xún)您的醫(yī)療保健提供者,或訪問(wèn)