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炎癥是對組織損傷或感染的局部免疫反應，
表現為發熱、發紅、水腫、疼痛和功能喪失
受傷后立即
炎癥始于局部血管短暫收縮以減少失血
并形成凝塊以止血
然后，在細胞損傷和死亡的刺激下，局部細胞釋放血管活性化學物質，
例如前列腺素和組胺可擴張局部血管，從而增加該區域的血流量
這些化學物質還會導致小血管中的內皮細胞收縮，從而打開它們之間的空間
這種增加的毛細血管通透性允許液體和蛋白質從血液進入組織
接下來，在稱為趨化性的多階段過程中，
稱為中性粒細胞的循環免疫細胞從血管移至受傷部位
并消滅病原體和受損細胞
當損傷部位的細胞釋放稱為趨化劑的信使分子時，趨化作用開始，
導致局部內皮細胞和循環中性粒細胞粘在一起
接下來，在稱為血細胞滲出的過程中，中性粒細胞擠過內皮間隙
中性粒細胞遵循趨化梯度遷移至損傷部位
到達后，中性粒細胞遇到細菌，
吞噬它們并通過吞噬作用消化它們
消滅細菌并清除細胞廢物后，
當局部產生的生長因子導致局部成纖維細胞開始快速分裂時，組織修復就開始了
并分泌大量膠原蛋白來加固傷口
抗炎藥通過阻止炎癥化學物質的產生來抑制炎癥
最常見的治療炎癥的藥物是非甾體類抗炎藥，
或非甾體抗炎藥，
例如阿司匹林和布洛芬
它們含有一種叫做環氧合酶或COX的酶，
抑制前列腺素和其他幾種炎癥化學物質的產生
因此，減少與炎癥相關的血管舒張、水腫和疼痛

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Inflammation is a local immune response to tissue injury or infection
炎癥是對組織損傷或感染的局部免疫反應,
experienced as heat redness edema pain and loss of function
表現為發熱、發紅、水腫、疼痛和功能喪失
Immediately after injury
受傷后立即
inflammation begins with brief vasoconstriction of the local blood vessels to reduce blood loss
炎癥始于局部血管短暫收縮以減少失血
and formation of a clot to stop the bleeding
并形成凝塊以止血
Then stimulated by cell injury and death local cells release vasoactive chemicals
然后,在細胞損傷和死亡的刺激下,局部細胞釋放血管活性化學物質,
such as prostaglandins and histamine to dilate local blood vessels leading to increased blood flow to the area
例如前列腺素和組胺可擴張局部血管,從而增加該區域的血流量
These chemicals also cause endothelial cells in small blood vessels to contract opening spaces between them
這些化學物質還會導致小血管中的內皮細胞收縮,從而打開它們之間的空間
This increased capillary permeability allows fluids and proteins to pass from the blood into the tissue
這種增加的毛細血管通透性允許液體和蛋白質從血液進入組織
Next during a multi stage process called chemotaxis
接下來,在稱為趨化性的多階段過程中,
circulating immune cells called neutrophils move out of the blood vessels to the site of injury
稱為中性粒細胞的循環免疫細胞從血管移至受傷部位
and destroy pathogens and damaged cells
并消滅病原體和受損細胞
Chemotaxis begins when cells at the injury site release messenger molecules called chemoattractants
當損傷部位的細胞釋放稱為趨化劑的信使分子時,趨化作用開始,
which cause local endothelial cells and circulating neutrophils to stick together
導致局部內皮細胞和循環中性粒細胞粘在一起
Next in a process called diapedesis neutrophils squeeze through the endothelial gaps
接下來,在稱為血細胞滲出的過程中,中性粒細胞擠過內皮間隙
The neutrophils migrate to the injury site by following a chemotactic gradient
中性粒細胞遵循趨化梯度遷移至損傷部位
Upon arrival the neutrophils encounter bacteria
到達后,中性粒細胞遇到細菌,
engulf them and digest them in a process called phagocytosis
吞噬它們并通過吞噬作用消化它們
After destruction of the bacteria and removal of cellular waste
消滅細菌并清除細胞廢物后,
tissue repair begins when locally produced growth factors cause local fibroblasts to begin dividing rapidly
當局部產生的生長因子導致局部成纖維細胞開始快速分裂時,組織修復就開始了
and secreting large quantities of collagen to reinforce the wound
并分泌大量膠原蛋白來加固傷口
Anti inflammatory drugs inhibit inflammation by blocking production of inflammatory chemicals
抗炎藥通過阻止炎癥化學物質的產生來抑制炎癥
The most common drugs for inflammation are non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs
最常見的治療炎癥的藥物是非甾體類抗炎藥,
or NSAIDS
或非甾體抗炎藥,
such as aspirin and ibuprofen
例如阿司匹林和布洛芬
They contain an enzyme called cyclooxygenase or COX
它們含有一種叫做環氧合酶或COX的酶,
that inhibits the production of prostaglandins and several other inflammatory chemicals
抑制前列腺素和其他幾種炎癥化學物質的產生
Thus reducing vasodilation edema and pain associated with inflammation
因此,減少與炎癥相關的血管舒張、水腫和疼痛