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陰道酵母菌感染是一種常見疾病，女性陰道內酵母菌生長過多
它的其他名稱是外陰陰道念珠菌病和念珠菌外陰陰道炎
酵母是一種真菌，是一種類似植物的生物體
通常引起感染的酵母類型稱為白色念珠菌
您的陰道是從子宮到體外的通道
陰道內表面通常含有少量這種酵母，
這通常不會引起任何問題
其他細菌，例如健康細菌乳酸菌，也與念珠菌一起生活在陰道中
他們讓彼此保持平衡
有時陰道條件的變化會使酵母菌生長失控
當這種情況發生時，酵母細胞會侵入陰道內壁，稱為粘膜上皮
當酵母生長并損害細胞時，它會導致免疫細胞進入組織
當您的免疫細胞試圖清除感染時，這會導致組織發炎并受損
不幸的是，酵母細胞可以通過殺死免疫細胞來避免免疫破壞
或者，酵母細胞可能長得太大，免疫細胞無法摧毀它們
這使得酵母能夠生長和擴散，在陰道中形成一層稱為生物膜的層
人們為何會感染酵母菌并不總是很清楚
但是，如果您懷孕或患有糖尿病，則更有可能感染酵母菌
清洗陰道內部，也稱為沖洗，
免疫系統較弱，
服用避孕藥，或服用抗生素或類固醇藥物
酵母菌感染最常見的癥狀是陰道和外陰極度瘙癢，
這是陰道入口周圍的區域
其他癥狀可能包括陰道或外陰發紅、燒灼感和腫脹，排尿或性交時疼痛，
陰道有濃稠的白色無味分泌物
您可以用抗真菌藥物治療陰道酵母菌感染
這些藥物可能是涂抹在陰道內的乳膏或栓劑
或者，它們可能是您口服的藥片
只要按照說明指示使用抗真菌藥物就很重要
即使您的癥狀消失，也不要過早停止使用它們
有助于預防陰道酵母菌感染的一些方法包括僅清洗外陰，而不是清洗陰道內部，
不使用沖洗器或衛生噴霧劑
保持生殖器部位清潔干燥
不穿緊身內衣或褲子
穿胯部為棉質的內衣
上完廁所后一定要從前往后擦拭
性交后清潔外陰
如果您患有糖尿病，請控制血糖
另外，僅按照處方服用抗生素治療其他感染
抗生素可能會殺死控制酵母菌的健康細菌，從而導致酵母菌感染
要了解有關陰道酵母菌感染的更多信息，
與您的保健醫生交談

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A vaginal yeast infection is a common condition where too much yeast grows in a woman's vagina
陰道酵母菌感染是一種常見疾病,女性陰道內酵母菌生長過多
Other names for it are vulvovaginal candidiasis and candida vulvovaginitis
它的其他名稱是外陰陰道念珠菌病和念珠菌外陰陰道炎
Yeast is a type of fungus which is a plant like organism
酵母是一種真菌,是一種類似植物的生物體
The type of yeast that usually causes the infection is called candida albicans
通常引起感染的酵母類型稱為白色念珠菌
Your vagina is the passage from the uterus to the outside of your body
您的陰道是從子宮到體外的通道
The surface inside your vagina normally contains small amounts of this yeast
陰道內表面通常含有少量這種酵母,
which usually doesn't cause any problems
這通常不會引起任何問題
Other germs such as the healthy bacterium Lactobacillus also live in the vagina with Candida
其他細菌,例如健康細菌乳酸菌,也與念珠菌一起生活在陰道中
They keep each other in balance
他們讓彼此保持平衡
Sometimes conditions change in the vagina that make the yeast grow out of control
有時陰道條件的變化會使酵母菌生長失控
When this happens yeast cells invade the lining of your vagina called mucosal epithelium
當這種情況發生時,酵母細胞會侵入陰道內壁,稱為粘膜上皮
As the yeast grows and damages your cells it causes immune cells to enter the tissue
當酵母生長并損害細胞時,它會導致免疫細胞進入組織
This inflames and damages the tissue as your immune cells try to clear the infection
當您的免疫細胞試圖清除感染時,這會導致組織發炎并受損
Unfortunately yeast cells can avoid immune destruction by killing immune cells
不幸的是,酵母細胞可以通過殺死免疫細胞來避免免疫破壞
Or yeast cells may grow too large for immune cells to destroy them
或者,酵母細胞可能長得太大,免疫細胞無法摧毀它們
This allows the yeast to grow and spread forming a layer called a biofilm in your vagina
這使得酵母能夠生長和擴散,在陰道中形成一層稱為生物膜的層
It's not always clear why a person gets a yeast infection
人們為何會感染酵母菌并不總是很清楚
But you're more likely to get a yeast infection if you are pregnant have diabetes
但是,如果您懷孕或患有糖尿病,則更有可能感染酵母菌
wash the inside of your vagina also known as douching
清洗陰道內部,也稱為沖洗,
have a weakened immune system
免疫系統較弱,
take birth control pills or have taken antibiotics or steroid drugs
服用避孕藥,或服用抗生素或類固醇藥物
The most common symptom of a yeast infection is an extreme itchy feeling in your vagina and your vulva
酵母菌感染最常見的癥狀是陰道和外陰極度瘙癢,
which is the area around the entrance to your vagina
這是陰道入口周圍的區域
Other symptoms may include redness burning and swelling in your vagina or vulva pain during urination or sex
其他癥狀可能包括陰道或外陰發紅、燒灼感和腫脹,排尿或性交時疼痛,
and a thick white odorless discharge from your vagina
陰道有濃稠的白色無味分泌物
You can treat a vaginal yeast infection with antifungal medicines
您可以用抗真菌藥物治療陰道酵母菌感染
These medicines may be creams or suppositories that you apply in your vagina
這些藥物可能是涂抹在陰道內的乳膏或栓劑
Or they may be pills you take by mouth
或者,它們可能是您口服的藥片
It's important to use an antifungal medication for as long as the directions tell you to
只要按照說明指示使用抗真菌藥物就很重要
Don't stop using them early even if your symptoms go away
即使您的癥狀消失,也不要過早停止使用它們
Some of the ways you can help prevent a vaginal yeast infection include only washing your vulva not inside your vagina
有助于預防陰道酵母菌感染的一些方法包括僅清洗外陰,而不是清洗陰道內部,
and not using douches or hygiene sprays
不使用沖洗器或衛生噴霧劑
Keeping the genital area clean and dry
保持生殖器部位清潔干燥
Not wearing tight underwear or pants
不穿緊身內衣或褲子
Wearing underwear with a cotton crotch
穿胯部為棉質的內衣
Always wiping front to back after using the toilet
上完廁所后一定要從前往后擦拭
Cleaning your vulva after sex
性交后清潔外陰
And keeping your blood sugar under control if you have diabetes
如果您患有糖尿病,請控制血糖
Also take antibiotics for other infections only as prescribed
另外,僅按照處方服用抗生素治療其他感染
Antibiotics may kill healthy bacteria that keep yeast in check which can lead to a yeast infection
抗生素可能會殺死控制酵母菌的健康細菌,從而導致酵母菌感染
To find out more about vaginal yeast infections
要了解有關陰道酵母菌感染的更多信息,
talk to your healthcare practitioner
與您的保健醫生交談